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Crisis Response Services for People with Mental Illnesses or Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Review of the Literature on Police-based and Other First Response Models
This summary of the published research to date provides a sampling of the types of police-based and related emergency response programs that have received some research attention, as well as the methodological approaches used and their results -
Effectiveness of Police Crisis Intervention Training Programs
This article describes the CIT model and reviews several recent systematic analyses of studies concerning the effects of CIT. Studies generally support that CIT has beneficial officer-level outcomes, such as officer satisfaction and self-perception of a reduction in use of force. CIT also likely leads to prebooking diversion from jails to psychiatric facilities. There is little evidence in the peer-reviewed literature, however, that shows CIT's benefits on objective measures of arrests, officer injury, citizen injury, or use of force. -
FCC Report on the National Suicide Hotline Improvement Act of 2018
This report recommends that a 3-digital dialing code be used for a national suicide prevention and mental health crisis hotline system -
The Legislative Primer Series on Front-End Justice: Young Adults in the Justice System
This report is part of a series that explores policies that impact the front end of the criminal justice system. Each brief looks at who is entering the “front door” of the criminal justice system and gives examples of legislation, national initiatives, best practices, promising programs, and key research on timely issues. The series provides legislatures with the tools they need to consider cost-effective policies that protect public safety. -
Approaches to Early Jail Diversion: Collaborations and Innovations
The purpose of this study was fourfold: (1) Better understand state and local pre-booking jail diversion interventions for people with SMI, SUDs, and co-occurring disorders (CODs), (2) Investigate and contribute to the knowledge base on Intercept 0 of the SIM, (3) Assess how these interventions may inform broader federal policy, including new authorities in the 21st Century Cures Act, Medicaid, and the Administration’s efforts to address the opioid epidemic. (4) Identify potential Intercept 0 and 1 programs for evaluation. -
Beyond Suspensions: Examining School Discipline Policies and Connections to the School-to-Prison Pipeline for Students of Color with Disabilities
For this report, the Commission investigated school discipline practices and policies impacting students of color with disabilities and the possible connections to the school-to-prison pipeline, examined rates of exclusionary discipline, researched whether and under what circumstances school discipline policies unfairly and/or unlawfully target students of color with disabilities, and analyzed the federal government’s responses and actions on the topic -
Screening and Assessment of Co-Occurring Disorders in the Justice System
This report provides evidence-based practices for screening and assessment of adults in the justice system with mental illness, substance use disorders, or both. It discusses the importance of instrument selection for screening and assessment and provides detailed descriptions of recommended instruments. -
Tailoring Crisis Response and Pre-Arrest Diversion Models for Rural Communities
This action brief provides rural communities recommended strategies for adapting promising or proven interventions to better support crisis response and pre-arrest diversion in their communities. It is the first of three briefs developed from the SAMHSA Pre-Arrest Diversion Expert Panel. -
Police-Mental Health Collaborations: A Framework for Implementing Effective Law Enforcement Responses for People Who Have Mental Health Needs
A publication intended to help jurisdictions advance comprehensive, agency-wide responses to people who have mental illnesses. These responses feature cross-system collaborations between the criminal justice and behavioral health systems. The framework is organized around six main questions that law enforcement executives should consider to be successful in implementing or improving police-mental health collaborations (PMHCs) in their jurisdiction. -
Seattle’s Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD): Program Effects on Criminal Justice and Legal System Utilization and Costs
The Criminal Justice and Legal System Utilization and Associated Costs Report tests the effectiveness of the LEAD® program compared to the ‘system‐as-usual’ control condition in reducing publicly funded legal and criminal justice service utilization and associated costs (i.e., prosecution, public defense, jail, prison) prior and subsequent to evaluation entry.